Tuesday, July 31, 2007

Victorian Oddities: Molasses Flood!



Havoc wrecked by rampant molasses!

I realize that the The Molasses Disaster of January 15, 1919 is a *bit* outside the traditional Victorian/Steampunk timeline (nor as refreshing), but the previous listing made numerous comparisons to this disaster, so felt it was only appropriate to add it along side...

For further details, please go to:

http://edp.org/molasses.htm
http://www.coleblognetwork.com/2007/07/30/the-great-beer-flood-pharyngula/

Monday, July 30, 2007

Victorian Culture: Beer Flood!



Have disovered a fantastic new blog, which I find amazing entertaining and unique... the webblog of "Cap'n Dyke, Lesbian Pirate Queen & Rogue Blogger"... once I saw this amazing Victorian article, I simply had to post it (especially after the academic diatribe of the previous two entries!). Her site, and more on this tradgey (*grins*) is at:

http://lesbianpiratequeen.wordpress.com/2007/07/29/beer-flood-aye-it-happened/

More information is located at:

http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=The+Meux+and+Company+Brewery+beer+flood
http://www.qi.com/talk/viewtopic.php?t=121&start=0&sid=0a137bba97dd0441fd978d5942991aec
and
http://beeradvocate.com/news/stories_read/464

The Cap'n front page is at:
http://lesbianpiratequeen.wordpress.com/

Sunday, July 29, 2007

Steampunk Science: The Luminiferous Ether, part II



Original diagram of Ether measureing device

There are two different kinds of waves: longitudinal and transverse. Sound is a longitudinal wave: air molecules move forward, bunching up and forming small volume at high pressure, and recoil backward, while the new molecules they pushed moved forward in turn. Each bit of air moves backwards and forward along the direction the sound wave is moving. On the other hand, if a guitar string is plucked, each section of the guitar string moves up and down, at right angles to the length of the string down which the wave travels; that is, the motion of the string is a transverse wave.



Engine room of a Ether-based flyer (ok - another excuse to use a Space 1889 pic - last one, I promise!)

A fluid such as air or water can only carry longitudinal waves. A solid such as steel or diamond can carry both longitudinal and transverse waves. But light is a purely transverse with no longitudinal aspect. So the ether can’t be a gas, or even an ordinary solid, but it is much more rigid than diamond, as diamond is more rigid than water. The high speed of light indicates that the ether has very high stiffness, very low density, or both.

Finally, the ether does not interact with ordinary matter through any sort of mechanical impact; the two pass right through each other. Only electricity charged matter can influence the ether.

Stoddard, W.H. (2000) - Gurps Steampunk, pg. 95, SJG:Austin
[edited for removal of game specific content]

Steampunk Science: The Luminiferous Ether



Device used to measure Ether


In the 19th century, light was shown to be a form of wave, like sound or mechanical vibration. But fi there was a wave, physicists reasoned, something had to be waving. For sound, it was air. For mechanical vibrations, it might be any solid material. What was it for light? Light could travel between planets and even between stars, where no matter could be detected, not even air. This led physicists to believe it was carried by some peculiarly tenuous form of matter, so thing that solid planets could pass right through it unhindered. They named this substance the luminiferous ether ("luminiferous" means "carrying light").




USS Eagle cruising the Northwest Territories (ok - I needed another airship photo, and couldn't resist the Space 1889 photo... (lol)!)

Michael Faraday’s experiments and James Clerk Maxwell’s theories showed that electric and magnetic fields could interact to produce a wave. Its speed could be calculated and turned out to be the same as the speed of light. Maxwell modeled electric and magnetic fields as strains in the ether. Heinrich Hertz’z spark gap transmitter seemed to prove that Maxwell was right. Albert Michaelson and Edward Morley’s 1887 experiment cast doubt on the ether’s existence, but scientists only fully rejected it with the advent of the relativity and quantum mechanics in the 20th century. But what if the ether was real? A universe where light and radio were carried by the ether would have some interesting difference from ours.

Stoddard, W.H. (2000) - Gurps Steampunk, pg. 95, SJG:Austin
[edited for removal of game specific content]

http://www.victorianweb.org/science/ether.htm
http://www.bbk.ac.uk/english/skc/ether/
http://www.scifun.ed.ac.uk/pages/scifest/scifest-maxwell.html

Saturday, July 28, 2007

Update: The Antiquity Gazette



The Ivory Rotunda, upon arrival in Antiquity Township

I have begun editing a new blog/news source, named "The Antiquity Gazette", for a new Victorian sim which opens next month. I intend to keep the two separate, but feel for the sake of full journalistic disclosure, I should make it known I edit both. The link to the Gazette is:





Visitor's Center in Antiquity Township

The sim is projected to open on the 11th of August, and a good number of events are planned. However, in preparation, building is coming along furiously, as Great Duke Barrymore subsists off of Red Bull & German coffee to ensure the opening goes as planned (shades of the White City)!



The Antiquity Clock Tower in the Township (residence of this journalist)

Nonetheless, it is open for.. "previewing", and visitors are always welcome to the sim. Any concerns, comments, or questions about the sim, please leave a comment below, or contact Grand Duke Barrymore (or his partner, Miss Angel Magellan) in-world.


Official colors of Antiquity

Further details about Antiquity are in the Gazette, including an extensive interview with the Grand Duke and his lady about the focus and purpose of the sim - however, please feel free to visit (step gingerly - we are a work in progress!)


(Dated) Overview of Antiquity Township (Antiquity Cove is still undergoing construction)

Steampunk Culture: Space 1889



Cover to Space 1889

While researching some future postings, I came across a site that reminded me of fond memories, concerning a paper & pencil rpg game named Space 1889. Produced by Mr. Frank Chadwick, it provided a detailed alternate universe for a Victorian/Steampunk background. I desperately wanted to play it, but unfortunately no one I knew (at the time) could comprehend the concept of Steampunk!



Stormfront Class Cruising Ship

The British Empire reigns supreme, Mars is beginning to be colonized, ether ships are commonplace, "savages" on Mars challenge new residents to the planet, well... read for yourself!
http://mateengreenway.com/steampunk/Space1889.htm




Cargo Hauler landing for replinishment

Additionally, a British company, Noise Monsters, has produced radio-adventures of this universe on CD. I have not obtained them yet, but they look quite good (their website is located at...)

http://www.noisemonster.com/




Front view of the Ahpid Class cruiser



Port side of an Aphid Class cruiser



Aft view of an Aphid

A few parting photographs...



"Hydrogen Flyer" (Fore port view)



"Hydrogen Flyer" cockpit




Commandeered native craft, the "Swiftwood" class



The "Rutledge" class cruiser

And Baroness Palowaski, your Martians wouldn't happen to look like this...?



Martians from Space: 1889

Thursday, July 26, 2007

Steampunk Media: Opheila Sightings III



HMS Opheila uber dem Totentempel
(Sorry, I don't speak German!)

Well, these are the last of the Ophelia mods I shall be posting - there are remaining photos at their webpage, but not quite in the Steampunk genre, I'd say. If you wish to see the remaining photos, please visit their sight - it is a wonderous Steampunk experience!


HMS Ophelia by the Ryhope Pumping Station


HMS Ophelia cruising over uncharted territory


HMS Opheila at dusk



Original graphic used for the modification

Victorian Culture: Virtual Europe


Idealized view of Ruritania

Europe has some of the world's smallest countries - Luxembourg, Andorra, San Marino, Liechtenstein, Monaco, and the Vatican City - and before German and Italian unification, it had many more. These little kingdoms appeal to romantic story tellers, who often invent their own, such as Ruritania in the Prisoner of Zenda. Such countries offer setting for swashbuckling with steampunk technology.


Swashbuckling in Virtual Europe

In general, the best sites for virtual countries are Italy before 1861, Germany before 1871, or the Balkans through 1914; there are enough real small countries there to make it easy to suspend disbelief in one more. Another option is to set virtual countriess on boundaries between major real countries. Imaginary islands are also worth consideration, so long as their presence would not have substantially changed the course of Atlantic exploration.
What impact will virtual European countries have on history? Often, very little; novelists tend to to imagine them as archaic and picturesque, or as too small to be effective. But advanced technology and efficient organization can make a small country disproportionately effective, as they did Portugal, and later the Netherlands. With steam technology, a seemingly unpromising nation might emerge as a leading European power.

Stoddard, W.H. (2000) - Gurps Steampunk, pg. 118, SJG:Austin
[edited for removal of game specific content]

***

On an associated note - during my search for graphics, I ran across this site called "City Creator", and enjoyable little game, which will help you dispose of plenty of hours at work...

http://www.citycreator.com/

Wednesday, July 25, 2007

Steampunk Culture: New Babbage sim & New Submersibles!



Steampunk ship on surface [by Mr. Avalos]

As reported by Miss Zoe Connolly, Mr. S. Sprocket has announced the opening of a new Babbage (the name hitherto unknown to this reporter...) in the following press release:

Starting next month we'll be taking reservations for the underwater sim (residential) and the Babbage Port (commercial) The port will have NO TELEHUB, letting business owners set teleports DIRECTLY to their store. The underwater sim not only has a telehub but is also UNDERWATER. This design should provide private living, although privacy is never promised in new babbage, it should be a quiet place to relax and have a chat, or just watch the fish (and krakken) swim by.. please spread the word....


http://theconnollytelegraph.blogspot.com/2007/07/new-sim-for-new-babbage.html



Surfaced ship crusing at sunset [by Mr. Staylor]

In celebration to the expansion of New Babbage and its Steampunks, I have located a number of images from conceptart.com (again! - lol!), showing some interesting Steampunk-esque submersables. [Apparently in SL, there are no need for ballast tanks on a boat! Not like my RL experience with sub fleet (lol)! As with the previous post, the name of the artist is listed, so if you like his/her work, simply perform a search on the name...]



Steampunk ship diving [by Mr. Idiot Apathy]

ADDITIONALLY.... combat Steampunk era (mid-late 1800s to early 1900s) are available on SL. Mr. Bunwah Murakami has constructed eight era specific subs, including the USS Holland, USS Fiskdale, USS Sturbridge, USS Onondaga, USS Monitor, CSS Richmond, the CSS Virginia, and the H.L. Hunley. I have personally purchased two, and find them to be incredably enjoyable to sail and fire from (at appropriate targets, of course!....hehehe). You can see what is available at his shipyard at:

http://www.slexchange.com/modules.php?name=Marketplace&MerchantID=5344

Mr. O'toole has a more indepth review (and description of an ironclad battle - including pictures! (The specific entry is on the 18th of July)

http://hiberniaskids.blogspot.com/




Pencil sketch of a steampunk sub [by Mr. josephrey]

I shall have to update my nautical combat skills, to ensure I'm worthy of seagoing combat.....



Cruising of the Antiquity Cove coast


Small Steampunk sub [by Mr. Wystro]


Visiting Antiquity Cove at Dusk

Steampunk Culture: Point Defences



Modern point defence [by Mr. cgfuller_64]

Much ado has been made about airship by fans of this particular medium (including your dedicated journalist), but they are not a force unto themselves. Cities and nations have defences to combat these aero-combatants, of varied sizes and means. The below is a small sampling of the point defences that are used in the realm of Steampunk militaries.



Pirate-controlled harpoons, including construction narrative [by Mr. cgfuller_64]

[These works were copied from conceptart.com, and the name of the artists are listed below the image. If you wish to see more of the individual's work, simply go to conceptart.com, and peform a search - you'll simply be amazed at the wealth of potential!]



Brass anti-airship defence [by Mr. Zeitwolf]



Shipboard mounted defence point [by Mr. JakkaS]



Urban anti-pirate defence [by Mr. Smot]



Mobile Harpoon Unit [by Mr. Saise]

Monday, July 23, 2007

Steampunk Culture: Fashion


A Miss Bazil, relaxing infront of a piano

A bit behind the curve, but I am borrowing Miss Tinkergirl's entry on a young lady, a Miss Kat Bret, who has a collection of Steampunk-influenced fashion photos. Some of the pictures on her website are a bit... different, but nonetheless, the garments worn by the young ladies are certainly steampunk-ish.



Miss Bret with a compass


A Miss Teala with a spyglass

If you wish to see the entire photoset, along with additional works of her, please go to:

Sunday, July 22, 2007

Steampunk Media: Ophelia Sightings II

Unfortunately, today my presence is demanded in rl, so I shall only be able to leave a few photos of the Opheila, the flagship of Abney Park...



Ophelia at the Great Exhibition (of Works of Industry of all Nations) of 1851 (also known as the Crystal Palace Exhibition, in London)




Ophelia outside Mayan ruins




An undated post card of the HMS Ophelia




Deep in the city of Metropolis



Escaping the city of Metropolis


Saturday, July 21, 2007

Steampunk Media: The Amazing Screw-On Head!

This bit of work came to me as a surprise, as the Amazing Screw-on Head made its premier on the Sci-Fi network during my absence. Instead of attempting to re-write the background, I have provided a few links for those who are interested in this blazingly enjoyable (albeit longer ~22 minutes) bit of Steampunk fiction!

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Amazing_Screw-On_Head
http://www.darkhorse.com/profile/profile.php?sku=11-820
http://www.readaboutcomics.com/2003/12/15/amazing-screw-on-head/

The Amazing Screw On Head

A ripping yarn adapted from Mike Mignola's comic of the same name. Starring the voice talents of Paul Giamatti and David Hyde Peirce.

Friday, July 20, 2007

Victorian Culture: Medicine and Mortality Rates




Victorian man preparing for foot surgery

During the 19th century, life expectancy at birth rose from about 35 to about 45. Medicine and surgery had little to do with this. Anesthesia and antisepsis improved a patient’s chance of surviving surgery, but most people didn’t die of conditions that surgery could help with. Medical treatment for infectious diseases, the major killers for most of the period, was ineffective at best. In fact, one of the major developments in medical was the statistical evaluation of therapeutic models, as in a study that showed death rates from pneumonia were 1 in 5 with bleeding, 1 in 5.5 with doses of tartar emetic (an antimony compound), and 1 in 13 with simple bed rest. The concepts of self-limiting diseases and supportive treatment emerged during this period, and at least stopped doctors from killing patients with heroic doses of heavy metals.


Anaesthesia used during a tooth extraction

Improved public sanitation was a major contributor to longevity. Sewer systems, street cleaning, and safe drinking water reduced the contagion and the prevalence of illness, starting in the 1840’s. By the 1850’s, most cities had boards of health, organized locally in English-speaking countries and nationally elsewhere. Bathing was revived between 1850 and 1875, at least for the upper and middle classes, whose servants could do the heavy work a bath required before indoor plumbing. Pasteur’s work on bacteriology gave scientific justification for new standards of cleanliness that were already emerging.



Individual being prepared for surgery

The collection of social statistics, pioneered by Babbage, Quetlet, and others of their era, led to the emergence of epidemiology. Disease carriers such as Typhoid Mary, unsafe wells, and other sources of contagion could be removed. This was undertaken on a large scale during the construction of the Panama Canal. The first attempt by the French in the 1880’s cost 25,000 lives, largely to yellow fever. The American attempt that completed the canal in the 1900’s lost fewer than 5,000, thanks to American health officers who wiped out the mosquitoes that carried the disease.


Child being vaccinated in France

Immunization became available for an increasing number of diseases. Doctors already gave smallpox vaccination sand scientists developed vaccines against anthrax and rabies. After 1905, mortality rates from childhood diseases already began to fall.
Finally, nutrition improved during the 19th century. The energy content (calorie value) of foods could be measured, using thermodynamic apparatus. Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins were recognized as energy sources, and the concept of trace nutrients began to emerge. Beriberi, rickets, and scurvy were identified deficiency diseases and chemists began trying to isolate and then to synthesize the “vitamines” that prevented them. The concept of a balanced diet was developed. Aside from preventing deficiency diseases, better nutrition led to overall improvement in health.

Stoddard, W.H. (2000) - Gurps Steampunk, pg. 65-66, SJG:Austin
[edited for removal of game specific content]

Steampunk Media: Ophelia Sightings I



Undated photo of the Ophelia over London

The Ophelia, the base of operations of the band Abney Park, has been sighted and photographed over numerous locations and times... many of which were caught by astute photographers.



The Ophelia in front of an unidentified governmental building

[In reality, the group had a competition in which their ship, the Ex-HMS Ophelia, is photoshopped into older photos - quite ingenious! I have posted a couple of their exploits for your enjoyment.]




At President Lincoln's inauguration, Washington D.C.

If you wish to see more of the photographs, please go to the following blog of the lead singer of the group:

http://robert-from-ap.livejournal.com/




Over the Muhammad-Ali-Moschee Mosque, Cairo, Egypt



The Opheila rescuing Shackelton's party in Antarctica (*sigh, if only it had been true)

Thursday, July 19, 2007

Steampunk Media: Steampunk Dr. Who



Steampunk Dalek

Visited the website "Concept art", and happened upon an artist whose work will certainly endear himself with the British contingent of SL Steampunk. His "nome de plume" is "Promus Kaa", and he sketched some intriguing "Steampunk/Dr. Who" images... as shown below:



Steampunk Tardis

I do recall that if one does a search under Dr. Who, there are some fantastic interiors in SL that represent different versions of the interior of the Tardis... including an amazing Victorian Tardis - supurb detail, simply worth a look!


Battle between Steampunk Dalek and Cyberman

If you are interested in more of his work, please go to conceptart.org and search for "Promus". I'm still attempting to locate the specific link for the gentleman's work, so if someone is able to find it, please feel free to annotate it - tyvm!


Steampunk K-9

Wednesday, July 18, 2007

Steampunk Media: Stardust trailer

A new movie release for August, Stardust has more fantasy than I prefer, but it does have Robert DiNero as a sky pirate! I shall see it simply for his role (and the ship, of course)!

My Golden Compass Teaser trailer 2 (better)

This trailer has more urban images (including a couple of airships!), and less conversation than the previous trailer.

Tuesday, July 17, 2007

Victorian Culture: The Victorian Safety Net



Image of a Victorian Slum

Victorian writers from Charles Dickens to Karl Marx paint vivid pictures of the sufferings of the poor (and see Emile Zola’s work for a French perspective). There was nothing like the 20th century welfare state; the first social security system was created by Bismark in Germany, and English-speaking countries didn’t rush to imitate it. So what happened to the poor? If a man lost his job, did his family face a choice of the workhouse or starvation?




Busy street in the industraial East End of London

Actually, there were more options than that. A substantial amount of aid went to the poor – but not much of it was by way of the government. Churches ran relief programs, as the Mormons or the Salvation Army still do. Private charities operated on a large scale for the first time. In addition, on of the customs of the time was that the wealthy should spend part of their money on helping the poor; going out to call on poor families was part of many rich woman’s weekly or monthly routine.




Street scene in Northern England

In the United States, another source of aid was Civil War pensions. These were originally modest, but year by year, amount increased, and eligibility widened. Eventually nearly everyone who had fought on either side was enrolled, making this an unofficial welfare program under a more palatable name.



Poor women in an English workhouse

Finally, the poor did a fair amount to help themselves. This was the great age of lodges and fraternal organizations. One function of these organizations was to provide for their members: to help them find jobs if they were out of work, to support them if they were too sick to work, to bury them when they died. In an age with relatively little public assistance, fraternal societies were not a casual social activity, but served vital practical functions.



Children in an orphanage in London

Ironically, a major barrier to assistance was the unwillingness of the poor to accept it. In the first place, not being self-supporting was seen as shameful, and many men and women were reluctant to admit their poverty. In the second place, aid to the poor often had unpleasant side effects, ranging from the harsh conditions of the work house, to condescension and meddling from one’s “betters”. (Charity Organizations Services, a private charity, was nicknamed “Cringe or Starve.”) The desperately proud poor man or woman is an archetypal character of the era.



Poor farmers eking out a living in the countryside

Stoddard, W.H. (2000) - Gurps Steampunk, pg. 26, SJG:Austin
[edited for removal of game specific content]

Steampunk Media: Start

I found this little movie on YouTube, a great piece of work, but... it is part one of two, and no idea when part two will be released! *sigh*.. Please enjoy!

Monday, July 16, 2007

Victorian Culture: Drugs


Absinthe artwork

Clergymen and reformers in the 19th century might worry about drugs, and writers from Thomas de Quincey to Aleister Crowley made money from lurid accounts of their use, but they were sold without prescription to anyone who wanted them, over the counter or by mail. In 1839, when the Chinese Empire tried to shut down the opium trade, the British Empire declared war to enforce the right of civilized men to sell drugs – and picked up Hong Kong along the way.


A Victorian cased syringe set

Such interference became widespread in the 20th century; the United States restricted opiates in 1914 (the Harrison Act), alcohol in 1919 (the Prohibition Amendment), and marijuana in 1937 (the Marijuana Tax Act). Many heroes of 20th century popular culture, from the Untouchables to the Lensmen, were enforces of drug laws. Such heroes are an anachronism in the 19th century, when a popular literary character’s regular use of cocaine is a minor eccentricity , comparable to his playing the violin.

Stoddard, W.H. (2000) - Gurps Steampunk, pg. 64, SJG:Austin
[edited for removal of game specific content]

For further information, please follow the links below:

http://drugs.uta.edu/drugs.html (a particularly extensive site on Victorian drug usage)

Sunday, July 15, 2007

Establishments: P.irate & Co.



Exterior photo of P.irate & Co.

The other day, after searching for a skyship to begin my next exploration endeavor, I decided to locate some appropriate garb for aero travel. I did a search, and happened up a store called P.irate & Co., which caught my eye... after all, even though Victorian garb is appropriate for just about any occasion, I'd say that the fellows (and dames) of the coast tend to be a *bit* more freewheeling and fashionable!

As I was looking at the offerings of the establishment, I almost literally stumbled across Miss Zoriada Rossini, a co-owner of the store. After a pleasant exchange, she agreed to my imposition of an interview, so as such, I asked a few questions of her and her store...



Photo of Miss Rossini

Miss Rossini, What led you to start making products?

My sister Sonya Kivioq has been on SL for more than a year and runs a very successful shop and sim. In our first life, we both attended an art school as animation majors, and we learned a lot about Photo Shop / 3d modeling and the sort. I saw she was having a great time making a sorts of things, and I had been searching for a way to use my "wasted" talents. I’ve been building since the first day I had my SL account. The first thing I ever built was a pair of boots and they wern’t too shabby! He, he – I got really excited about it. So I continued to make the rest of the outfit to go along with the boots (It ended up being a Pirate Captain’s outfit, which I don’t sell, because it has sentimental value. After that success, I went nuts (my sister can vouch for that) and decided to build a Spanish Galleon (this was on my fifth day in SL, by the way), and it turned out, err, ok. Meanwhile, I started to get a lot of compliments, and "why don’t you sell this, you’d make a lot?" So I took into consideration, and started to make things for others to buy, and I’d like to think its going pretty good!

Why Pirates?

Yarrr… Well, I don’t know when it started with me (it WASN'T Pirates of the Caribbean), but I’ve had an interest/fanaticism in pirates for a long time. "Piracy" to me is a symbol of absolute freedom. The whole attitude of rebelling… not caring what other think about what you’re doing and all that. Oddly it is sorta because a pirate has all the ‘qualities’ I want to see in myself. I care too much about what people think (working on it, hehe), and I crave for a freedom that I lack. An "anarchist" if you will, but less "emo". I actually have a big pirate flag hanging above my computer at all times (haha). Some think I’m a little extreme, but it can’t be helped!



Zori displays her Mechanical Arm, and her Top Hat / Goggle combination

What has been the biggest challenge for Zoringinals?

Well, in the beginning I had to design a store! I had some issues with that, but then after I built my store, it was pretty empty of vendors (which is pretty useless – haha)! So I had to had to come up with stuff to make that I thought would be sellable. My neighbors at Talisman specializes in flexi-dresses, so I tried my hand at that, and made about five designs… they didn’t sell as well as I would have hoped… and another pair of boots… but basically I didn’t have too much of an idea about what I was doing. It was really slow going at first, but now inspirations pop up all over, and I have too MANY ideas! I love it when someone comes in and are like "can you make this"? I say "absolutely!" and get to making something that I had never thought of to begin with!

What has been the most successful product / best seller?

Since my first shop (‘cuz we tore it down, and am now sharing a business with my hunny Lucian Commodore at P. irate & Co.), my best sellers have been "Peacock Explosion", one of my original five flexi-dresses that I made and the only one that sold, and my unisex boots. But since the re-opening of the new shop, I have added many more vendors, so that may change soon, especially since our target audience is a lot wider, yet specialized at the same time.



Image of her Raven-headed cane

What can you mention about your plans for the future?

Well, since partnering with Luci, things have been going pretty smoothly. He is a texture addict, and I’m the prim queen, so we make a great team. We technically haven’t had our Grand Opening for P.irate & Co., [because] we are still working on vendors and décor. We plan to have a big party for the occasion, [including] sales. We have started a group, P.irate & Co. fans! We encourage everyone to become a P.irateer, keep up with store news, and find out about sales and events! At P.irate & Co., we actually host three brands. Lucky Pirate Brand is Luci’s creations (Steampunk stuff, textures, and some furniture); Zoriginals (my brand – I make a little bit of everything), and P.irate & Co., with is joint projects (usually furniture or buildings). We can pretty much cater to anyone’s needs, and it’s really very exciting! Everyone who we’ve met at our store has added us to their top picks, and that is so gratifying, considering we’re such a new business! Please stop by our shop and see all our awesome new items!!! Even if you don’t find something that quite fits your style, we offer retexturing, and take commissions for pretty much anything (except complex scripting, we’re still working on that [heeheehee])!

I thanked her for her time, and she excused herself, as she was off to ... something (after all, she is a pirate! (lol)!



Image of myself sporting Zori's smart Top hat/goggles & the Captain's damned parrot of the south eastern coast of Macao (I hated that obnoxious babbling chicken....!)

I must disclose that I am a customer of the store, and I have become quite smitten with her top hat & goggles combination! Additionally, I have accepted membership into her group "P.irate & Co.", and look forward to the official grand opening (and... ahem... new products, when they come out)!

Saturday, July 14, 2007

Abney Park - Stigmata Martyr (live in studio)

Although I am not a fan of "live" versions of music (at least when I'm not there - lol), this one of their better known songs. I belive the video of the same song, at their website, is a better presentation - but this provides a brief introduction to their music.

Steampunk Media: Abney Park



Whilst planning to update/consolidate my links, I discovered that I was guilty of a terrible inequity! Although I have mentioned Mr. Vernian Process in my writings, I have never provided the spotlight to the steampunk group Abney Park. A band of musicians hailing from Seattle, their music is hauntingly exotic and exhilarating to enjoy!



Their ship, the Ophelia

Instead of attempting to become a music review, I shall quote a professional review from cnet, providing a bit more background on the group...

Evocative of both old-world mystery and futuristic technology, Abney Park is a strong and original musical presence in a genre far too used to formula. Music & lyrics both dark and mystical, Abney Park creates an emotional and cerebral world unlike most anything found in the gothic genre today. Ghost stories & Nightmares, myths & magic float in and out of a music that bounces between industrial dance and symphonic epics – from the dark western forests to the deserts of the far east.



Robert "Dread Captain Robert" Brown - Songs, Lead Vocals, Darbuka, Piloting

Abney Park began in the late 90’s, but their popularity exploded with the onset of internet music, with much success through MP3.com in the early 2000’s. The band was a regular chart topper, often holding the number 1 – 5 positions in Goth and Darkwave, and Industrial Dance music charts.



Magdalene "Screaming" Veen - Songs, Couture, Vocals, Undulations, Infusionistics, Internauting, Protective Headgear

Abney Park's music has been featured on a number of movie soundtracks, including "Insomnis Amour", "Goth", and "Lord of the Vampires". The band's music has also been featured in many compilation CD’s, including Cleopatra Records “The Unquiet Grave” vol. III, "Annihilation and Seduction", "Eighteen" and many more.



Kristina "Angel" Erickson - Keyboards, Vocals, Navigation, Accounting, Skepticism

Abney Park has performed all over the North America, appearing in Portland, Chicago, Las Vegas, Reno, Hollywood, and countless shows in their home base of Seattle. members of their loyal, cult following have been know to travel from as far away as Mexico City, and New Zealand just to see them perform.

Review located at: http://music.download.com/abneypark/3600-8589_32-100636953.html



Jean-Paul "Engineer" Mayden- Bass, Public Nudity
(please don't make me show pictures)

Thier website is a veritable work of art - if anything, please take the time to pay it a visit... it is perhaps one of the best "Steampunk-esque" representations I have ever seen online!



Nathaniel "Two Sheds" Johnstone- Guitar, Violin, Stockroom, Doling Out the Shots (Drinkable and Otherwise)

Not only is their webpage a joy to visit, but they have a good number of downloads, including eleven free songs, to better grasp their musical stylings...



A photo during their voyages...

If you wish to learn more about Abney Park, please refer to the following locations...

http://www.abneypark.com/
http://www.myspace.com/abneypark
http://www.youngmanridge.com/pop/music/temple/abney/abneyarticle.htm

Friday, July 13, 2007

Victorian Culture: Softdrinks


As we head into the summer, perhaps a bit on what was refreshing, oh, about a 100 years ago...

Carbonated water was invented by Joseph Priestly in the late 18th century, but the temperance movement create the softdrink industry in the 19th, as an alteranteive to beer and wine. Ginger beer, sarsaparilla, and similar formulations, made by small manufacturers for maily local distribution, came into wide use in the English-speaking countries, though not on the continent, where temperance never really caught on. Many households acquired a gazogene, a device for carbonating water or other liquids.

[edited for removal of game specific content]

Thursday, July 12, 2007

Victorian Notables: Harry Grant Dart



Harry Grant Dart was a dilligent illustrator in the later Victorian era, with a multitude of illustrations showing airships and zepplins. I actually had a bit of difficulty locating much on him, but if you wish to at least see more of his work, please go to the following locations:

http://paleo-future.blogspot.com/

http://home.att.net/~dannysoar2/HarryGrantDart.htm

Victorian Culture: The year 2000, as seen by the Victorians


The "moving pavement"!

Located a site that project how civilization will evolve as mankind reaches the year 2000!...

...Paleo-Future reader Tom T. sent me an amazing collection of postcards from the dawn of the twentieth century that depict what life would be like in the year 2000.... The site claimed that the postcards were produced by Hildebrands (a leading German chocolate company of the time).

If you wish to see further pictures of the future ... please use the link below:



Televised outside broadcasting!


Roofed Cities!


A vacation to the North Pole (& Global warming?)

Steampunk Media: Shades of Violet



Still image of the amazing airship form "Shades of Violet"

Mr. Vernian Process has confirmed he will be composing the soundtrack for a new graphic adventure named "Shades of Violet". Its release date is slated for some time in 2008, but based on the above image, it looks like it will be a supurb endevor!

Mr. Process' website is located at:
http://www.post-punk.com/vernianprocess.html

and his myspace is at:
http://profile.myspace.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=user.viewprofile&friendid=2016815

Tuesday, July 10, 2007

Victorian Culture: High Tea




A cup of tea!

Not to be a completly crass reporter, I have included a small article on tea, one of the defining items of Victorian culture...

Afternoon tea seems inexorably linked with the British. The Duchess of Bedford is credited with founding this tradition. By the Victorian era, the custom of afternoon tea was practiced more or less by most inhabitants of the British Isles, and elsewhere in the British Empire.
High tea as a variant of afternoon tea was not a development of the rich and powerful as its name implies. Instead of the normal sandwiches and scones, high tea was a hearty meal, usually with meat, taken around four in the afternoon. Laborers often had high tea to hold them over to the next meal, as four to five hours might still remain in their workday. Conversely, traditional afternoon tea is also taken at approximately four, but the food offerings are light. The meal may include small bread and butter sandwiches, cucumber or watercress sandwiches, and perhaps small, light cakes.
The intent of afternoon tea is as much social as it may be satisfying. An afternoon tea might be suggested as the perfect meeting for friends, but it was also a traditional time for families to convene, particularly if school children had arrived home needing a snack. In boarding schools, the same need for sustenance and socialization prevailed.
Teas chosen for afternoon tea tend to be light in nature. Popular choices include Earl Grey, tea flavored with bergamot, and Lady Grey, also enhanced with bergamot but containing some light citrus flavors as well. Some prefer Darjeeling, Lapsang Souchong, or Ceylon. Varieties today may simply be packaged as “Afternoon Tea.” Even though tea was traditionally the beverage of choice, coffee might also be offered.
When afternoon tea was held as a large social gathering, food offerings might differ significantly. Along with the traditional sandwiches, complex cakes, pastries, and crumpets laden with butter would perhaps be offered. Devonshire clotted cream might be on the table as well. This difference signified that afternoon tea was in fact a cream tea, as it is known in Devonshire and Cornwall. It is also the way most non-British people think of tea, as something quite fancy.

http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-afternoon-tea.htm





A hostess ready to serve high tea

I have noticed some tea-parties among the ladies in Caledon as of late, but tea isn't just for the ladies, you know... it is for the late afternoon, no matter the circumstance... (e.g. during a Cricket match, sessions of parliment, fighting savages, airship battles - nothing should stop a proper Victorian from his or her tea!)

For further information regarding tea and tea time, please refer to:

http://www.lamyx.com/articles/teaceremony.html

http://www.infobritain.co.uk/Tea.htm

http://www.epicurean.com/articles/hightea.html

http://www.answers.com/topic/tea

Steam Warfare

Another UT 2004 mod, this one is more ground based, but it also has airship in its openening sequence. (Be forwarned, this one has a bit of graphic violence!)

Air Buccaneers Trailer

A mod for Unreal Tournament 2004, it has an excellent ship to ship combat sequence, quite enjoyable to watch!

Steampunk Culture: Fantastic Victorians



I happened up a site that is a virtual cornucopia of information about characters in what it calls "Fantastic, Mysterious, and Adventurous Victorians". I haven't had the opportunity to completely read it, but from what I have been able to read, the breadth and depth of this site is amazing! Most definitely worth a look, if only to provide a perspective to Victorian (and Steampunk) origins.

http://www.geocities.com/jessnevins/vicintro.html

Sunday, July 8, 2007

Victorian Medicine: Phrenology




An example of a Phrenology Chart

Now considered to be a psudo-science, Phrenology was considered a main stream practices in Victorian times…

Phrenology was a faculty psychology, theory of brain and science of character reading, what the 19th-century phrenologists called "the only true science of mind." Phrenology was derived from the theories of the idiosyncratic Viennese physician Franz Joseph Gall (1758-1828). The basic tenets of Gall's system were:
1.The brain is the organ of the mind.
2. The mind is composed of multiple distinct, innate faculties.
3. Because they are distinct, each faculty must have a separate seat or "organ" in the brain.
4. The size of an organ, other things being equal, is a measure of its power.
5. The shape of the brain is determined by the development of the various organs.
6. As the skull takes its shape from the brain, the surface of the skull can be read as an accurate index of psychological aptitudes and tendencies.
So it was believed that by examining the shape and unevenness of a head or skull, one could discover the development of the particular cerebral "organs" responsible for different intellectual aptitudes and character traits. For example, a prominent protuberance in the forehead at the position attributed to the organ of Benevolence was meant to indicate that the individual had a "well developed" organ of Benevolence and would therefore be expected to exhibit benevolent behavior.


A Phrenology testing helmet and associated equipment

However, like so many popular sciences, Gall and the phrenologists sought only confirmations for their hypotheses and did not apply the same standard to contradictory evidence. Any evidence or anecdote which seemed to confirm the science was readily and vociferously accepted as "proof" of the "truth" of phrenology. At the same time, contradictory findings, such as a not very benevolent and disagreeable person having a well-developed organ of Benevolence were always explained away. This was often done by claiming that the activity of other organs counteracted Benevolence. What was never accepted by phrenologists, however, was that admitting that the activity of a particular faculty could be independent of the size of its organ undermined the most fundamental assumptions of the science- and thereby rendered all of its conclusions inconsistent and meaningless.

Use of a phrenology measureing tool

From Britain phrenology spread to America and France in the 1830s and in the1840s it was re-introduced to Germany. It became far more successful in America. Phrenology died away in Britain by the early 1850s but a new movement was re-introduced to Britain by the American "phrenological Fowlers" in the 1860s and 1870s. The Fowlers had begun lecturing and reading heads for fees in New York in the 1830s. Their phrenology was wholly borrowed from the British modifications of Gall's system. The Fowlers swept through Britain on a successful lecture tour before establishing various phrenological institutions, societies and publishing concerns. Less scientifically pretentious and more overtly entrepreneurial, it is largely this latter-day phrenology whose remnants are still seen today. A phrenological bust in an antique shop will almost invariably bear the label "L. N. Fowler". The latter phrenology movement was largley responsible for the anthropometric (head reading) craze of the latter 19th century and its well-known anthropological/racial concerns. The early phrenological movement was concerned more with providing practitioners with claims to epistemological certainty and intellectual authority than disscussing human races.


Tickets to a phrenological lecutre in Brighton

Phrenology evolved into wider and wider cultural space over time, beginning with Gall and the highest scientific and social and cultural elites, from Goethe to the king of Prussia, to the British and American scientifically pretentious middle-class phrenological societies of George Combe and finally to the disreputable practical "professors" of phrenology, reading heads for profit and the mass audiences of the Fowlers to the dawn of the 20th century. So-called "practical" phrenologists like the Fowlers, far outnmubered, in the long run, the interested medical men, the scientifically pretensious and theoretical phrenologists. Many orignal texts are available at this site which portray a broad range of phrenological literature- from high brow to low brow.


Right side diagram of pherenological analysis

During phrenology's first heyday in the 1820s-1840s, many employers could demand a character reference from a local phrenologist to ensure that a prospective employee was honest and hard-working. This belief that the protuberances on the skull provided an accurate index of talents and abilities was particularly urged to be applied to education and criminal reform. Phrenologists, not unlike those who today believe in strong demarcations in "left-" or "right-brains", thought they could determine the most suitable career for the young and match prospective mates with greater accuracy than 'old-fashioned love'. Visiting a phrenologist was akin to seeking the advice of so-called psychics, clairvoyants or astrologers today. A phrenologist was someone who claimed to have access to special knowledge about people. The ignorant and gullible were particularly susceptible to the pretensions of phrenologists.


Poster promoting the virtues of phrenology

Rather than portraying phrenology as having succumbed to an inexorable progress of 'science' or representing the Victorians as having become less 'gullible', phrenology can be understood to have been diffused and absorbed into a host of other practices and traditions- as such many of its components live on. Alison Winter uses a similar approach to understand the 'disappearance' of mesmerism. Phrenology, as all popular fads, eventually became deeply unfashionable amongst the well-to-do who had previously espoused it. It had degenerated into a sect of zealous extremists. Many of the first generation phrenologists were unable to pass on their discredited knowledge to a new generation which had many more opportunities to participate in popular sciences. Nevertheless, the British Phrenological Society (founded by L.N. Fowler in 1887) was only disbanded in 1967.

van Wyhe, John, History & Philosophy of Science, Cambridge University
http://www.victorianweb.org/science/phrenology/intro.html

Further resources are located at:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phrenology

Saturday, July 7, 2007

Victorian Medicine: Elan Vital



The laboratory of Dr. Frankenstein
(an innovative colleague...lol)!

What makes things live? The dominant view in the 20th century in mechanism; life is a complex organization of matter and energy that acts according to the ordinary laws of physics. In the 19th century, mechanists were less common; many biologists were vitalists, believing that living matter was animated by a special force, the elan vital.

Before 1828, it was thought that certain compounds could only be formed by unique forces within living tissues; these compounds were called "organic". Inorganic compounds, such as minerals changed form when cooled; organic compounds did not change back, seeming to show that it took more than physical forces to create them. This was disproved when Friedrich Wohler synthesized urea, and organic chemistry was redefined as the chemistry of carbon compounds. This success inspired some chemists to dream of synthesizing life. Perhaps one special molecule could animate dead matter. As a variant, after he discovered that certain organic molecules occurred in left-handed and right-handed forms and that life only used one form of each molecule, Pasteur speculated that asymmetry might be the secret of life and spend considerable time exposing carbon compounds to magnetic fields; the lack of results convinced him that life could not originate spontaneously from unliving matter.

Getting the generators ready for a bit of midnight work...

Other speculations emphasized electricity, by Luigi Galvani’s discovery that electric current made dead muscle tissue twitch. Nearly every film version of Frankenstein had shared this assumption – though obviously simple electricity can’t be the secret of animation; some special way of applying it would be necessary.

A few sparks - back to the drawingboard!

A different ling of thought derived from Anton Mesmer’s discovery of hypnosis in the 18th century. The hypnotist’s influence over the subject was often thought as a physical force, an "animal magnetism", that could override the normal mental and even physiological functions of the subject. Experimenters hypnotized subjects at a distance or through an opaque screen to show that animal magnetism’s properties paralleled those of ordinary magnetism. Charismatic people were often described as "magnetic". Maxwell’s concept of the ether and Hertz’s demonstrations of radio waves suggested further ideas along these lines.

Friday, July 6, 2007

Victorian Culture: The Tour de France




Finally! One of the highlights of my year has started – following the Tour de France! This year it begins in London, the first time the Tour has started in England. Interestingly enough, it has its roots in Victorian times, starting in 1903...

The Tour de France started off as a crazy idea, and got steadily more outlandish during its first 12 years. The 1903 event saw 60 riders travelling 2,500 kilometres during 19 days on the basic cycle machinery of the day. There were only six stages and no convenient breaks for sleep. Competitors were expected to ride through the night.





The first winner was well-known French rider Maurice Garin, nicknamed the "Chimney Sweep". The idea of the Tour was to sell copies of L'Auto newspaper, a publicity stunt that was such a success it destroyed the paper's rival Le Velo in the process.





Yet the 1904, Tour nearly put paid to the whole idea, such was the skullduggery, poor behaviour and outright cheating that went on. Fans left nails in the road in front of their favourites' rivals while competitors themselves riders took car trips and even train rides. L'Auto proclaimed the death of its own idea, but then changed its mind and enforced stricter rules instead.





This early crisis, like others would be later, was overcome and in 1905 harsh mountain roads were added to the race. The Ballon d'Alsace is not the worst obstacle these days but was the first big climb on any Tour. René Pottier was the first rider to the top, yet appeared to gain no satisfaction from this or his 1906 Tour win. He hanged himself from the hook used to store his bike before the 1907 race. A failed romance was the official explanation but perhaps he did not relish the race's length. This was now 4,500km and almost twice the first event, but average speeds continued to rise.

The first double-winner was Lucien Petit-Breton in 1907 and 1908. And 1909 saw the first really awful weather, with snow in July on the higher ground. But the Tour's next big change was in 1910, and the introduction of the real high mountains of the Pyrenees and then the Alps a year later.




The Tour's founder Henri Desgrange was a hard man, yet even he was sceptical when the idea of crossing these giant lumps of rock was suggested. A colleague at L'Auto was sent to reconnaissance a typical Pyrenean climb. Despite himself having to be rescued after foul weather descended, he reported back that it would be passable come the summer.

Many riders were not convinced and the first stage resulted in one accusing Desgrange of being an "assassin". The race founder was unmoved, particularly when the complaining rider Octave Lapize, won the Tour itself. The basic format of the race, including these giant mountains had been created and there were four more editions before World War I.

In 1911 they were allegations of rival teams poisoning riders, while in 1913 a famous incident highlighted the harsh rules. Bike changes were not allowed, nor was outside assistance to fix the inevitable repairs and punctures on the poor roads.




When a rider, Eugene Christophe, broke his forks in the Pyrenees he stopped off at a forge, begged a length of metal and started to fix the bike himself. A race official looked - the rider had to do all this work on his own or face penalties. A small boy operating the bellows in the blacksmith's forge cost the rider an extra time delay in addition to the hours he had lost making the repair. World War I's arrival stopped the Tour for four years, and two former winners, Lapize and Francois Faber, were among the young men of Europe to perish in this conflict.

Unlike these victims, the race would return after the conflict.

REF: BBC Sport, (June 5, 2001) Le Tour de France
http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/in_depth/2001/tour_de_france/1364736.stm





Apparently there has been questionable circumstances surround the tour since its inception, but personally, I enjoy watch it daily, not only to see the competition and see the crazy fans (really, really crazy - they jump out in front of the cyclists on some mountain climbs), but to see the beautiful French countryside and learn about this historical event.

For historical background, please see:


For modern updates of the Tour de France, 2007, please see:

(This is the official site in english, including a map of the 2007 Tour)

Thursday, July 5, 2007

Victorian Culture: Japonaiserie



Illustration with very visible Japonaiserie aspects

I recently came across a question about using Japanese items in a Victorian setting. I recalled a movement, which I detailed below, called Japonaiserie, which briefly explains how Japanese influences impacted Victorian Culture...

After opening of trade between Japan and the West, artists begin buying Japanese art, usually prints rather than original works. The resulting movement, Japonaiserie, becomes an influence on modern art. Degas, Manet, and Monet, among the impressionists, all collect Japanese prints; somewhat later, so does Van Gogh. Japanese furniture influences French interior design as well. Japonaiserie has some influence on the general public, who may not appreciate all the aesthetic nuances, but find Japan quaint, exotic, or charming.


Stoddard, W.H. (2000) - Gurps Steampunk, pg. 119, SJG:Austin
[edited for removal of game specific content]




The original "Ohashi bridge in the rain", by U. Hiroshige (left), and Van Gogh's "Bridge in the Rain" (right)

So, in response to the inquiry, I would say it would be perfectly fine, as long as you make an attempt to ensure it fits the goals of the movment. If one wishes to research this topic further, please consider the following linkages:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonism
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukiyo-e
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/jpon/hd_jpon.htm
http://lotusgreenfotos.blogspot.com/
http://www.victorianweb.org/art/design/simmons10.html
http://www.answers.com/topic/japonaiserie?cat=entertainment
http://www.artelino.com/articles/van_gogh_japonisme.asp



Japonaiserie-influenced French cabinet

Wednesday, July 4, 2007

Happy 4th of July!




Had to go to a SL Marine Base for this pic! *sigh*


Happy 4th of July!


Best wishes to all - especially those serving our nation overseas, in harm's way. Good luck - hope you come home soon!


[A sincere pat on the back to my Navy buddies,
currently serving in Kuwait and Iraq!]




About the closest I'll get to my rl service time [not many good submarines in sl - lol]!

Tuesday, July 3, 2007

Update: a "field day" on the blog, if you will...

Dear Readers,
I am in the process of making a few changes to the blog, both content and conceptual...

1) Social Events are now listed under the SL Victorian Post link
I am changing the updates to social events listings in the SL Victorian/Steampunk sims to its own site (the SL Victorian Post)... and it will be linked in the same place (left side linkage). This will allow any interested persons to go directly there and see the current week's events.
Over the past week, I had noticed that my previous listing was a bit difficult to read, and adding it to the main body forced it further down the posting list. The Second Life Victorian Post will consolidate any events I learn of, and wholeheartly encourage any information regarding events I may be unaware about. I will put up the "Weekend edition" on thursday, allowing anyone to read it and make approprate plans.

2) A less event-driven blog (of the sims), and a more general focus on the genres
There are a large number of excellent blogs on SL Victoriana, Caledon, EGL (Elegant Gothic Lolitas) - (listed on the sidebar), and I feel adding one more to the mix is academic. Instead, I shall attempt to concentrate on the asthetics (e.g. media, historical background, ect...) of said genre (Steampunk & Victoriana).

3) A more comprehensive effort towards SL Victoriana/Steampunk/...
Caledon is expansive (as almost everone knows), but there are other efforts that deserve recognition in SL, who reflect the overall Victorian theme (with streaks of Steampunk included). Therefore, I shall attempt to incorporate them into my writings, including news and events.

4)... and Gothic themes
Not the traditional concept of "Gothic" (however one might define that...), but more along the Victorian Gothic/Horror tradition (eg. Poe, Shelly, ect...). Fits in the overall theme, and has been overlooked - or at least lumped into the general "Gothic" category.

and that is about it... any comments, feel free to do so - ty!

Steampunk Media: Jasper Morello

A multiple award winning short, the Mysterious Geographic Explorations of Jasper Morello, is a beautiful combination of Steampunk, Gothica, and Mystery, jelled together to provide a fascinating story. It won the Academy Award for "Best Animated Short" in 2005, and subsequently released to DVD (although I have never seen it in stores - apparently only released in Australia & New Zealand ...), below is the four part series of Jasper Morello. If you wish further information regarding it, please visit the following websites...

http://www.jaspermorello.com/gazette/

The Mysterious Geographic explorations of Jasper Morello

The Mysterious Geographic explorations of Jasper Morello 2

The Mysterious Geographic explorations of Jasper Morello 3

The Mysterious Geographic explorations of Jasper Morello 4

Monday, July 2, 2007

Victorian Culture: Punishments



Execution announcement in Victorian paper


At the start of the 19th century, over 200 crimes were punishable by death, ranging from murder to sodomy to stealing an item worth 5s ($1.25) from a shop. The reform movement a the end of the early 19th century brought an end to most death penalties, and by 1850 only treason, piracy, murder, and arson of a dockyard or arsnal still carried the death penalty. The penalty was carried out by hanging. Hangings were considered entertainment - a well-publicized hanging might draw tens of thousands of spectators. Last speeches to the crowd were popular in folklore, ballads, and novels.




En route the prison colony of Botany Bay


The first replacement for hangings was transportation, or shipping criminals over seas. Botany Bay, in Australia, was a prison colony, and over 140,000 convicts were sent there between 1810 and 1852. As gold mining and sheep ranching attracted voluntary colonists, they voiced objections to the introduction of more convicts and the system was abolished.
Imprisonment, which replaced it, was a new idea. Accused offenders awaiting trial had been imprisoned for many centuries, but prison as a punishment in itself only went back to the 18th century. Early prisons tended to chaotic, with large numbers of prisoners under minimal supervision. Reformers in the early 19th century went to the other extreme, favoring solitary confinement of all prisoners and requiring total silence. Solitary confinement was retained for troublesome prisoners long after the first versions of the present-day prison system were established in the 1800s.





Prisoners on a treadmill in the early 20th century


Many prisoners were sentenced to hard labor, from 1818 to 1898 this was performed on the treadmill, a muscle engine powered by walking steadily upward. British prisoners spent six (6) hours a day on the treadmill; Australian convicts spent 40 minutes out of every hour from sunrise to sunset, climbing the equivalent of three (3) miles. Labor on the treadmill was dreaded, as it was both physically difficult and tedious. Less physically fit prisoners were assigned to making oakum (tar-impregnated rope for caulking wooden ships).
Corporeal punishment was abolished in the armed services in the 1850s. It remained in use in schools, typically in the form of caning, though blows to the hand were sometimes used.

Stoddard, W.H. (2000) - Gurps Steampunk, pg. 62-63, SJG:Austin
[edited for removal of game specific content]